Journal of Al-Farabi for Medical Sciences
The Important role of Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease
Background: Accurate diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, particularly the distinction between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is crucial for effective treatment and prognosis. Serological markers serve as noninvasive diagnostic instruments that may assist in differentiating Crohn’s disease from ulcerative colitis, addressing cases of indeterminate colitis, and identifying specific subgroups within inflammatory bowel disease. Aim is to clarify the diagnostic precision of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in relation to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients and Methods: anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies was studied in a cohort of consecutive inflammatory bowel disease patients (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), and normal healthy as control. A standardized ELISA was performed for detection of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies. Results: The prevalence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies was notably elevated among patients with Crohn's disease (70.9%) and ulcerative colitis (26.3%).Conclusion; Specificity of serological markers for inflammatory bowel disease is high, but low sensitivity makes them less useful as diagnostic tests.
anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies
he Effect of Music on The Level of Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Angiography: Randomized Controlled Trial
Background: Cardiovascular disease cause 18.6 million mortality worldwide. In 2019 there were 182 million cases of ischemic heart disease and 9.14 million deaths globally. The most effective method for diagnosis ischemic heart disease is coronary angiography (CAG). That cause anxiety for 82% of patients who undergo this invasive procedure. The aim of study: was to evaluate the effect of music on anxiety level of patients undergoing CAG. Materials and methods: An experimental design was done at the Cardiac Catheterization and Surgery Center, in the Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq. A systematic sampling was used to recruited patients in the study then simple random sampling used to allocate the participant in one of the two groups. Conducted on 78 patients undergoing elective CAG and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They were assigned as music group, and control group. The anxiety level of patients in two groups was measured by state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and after CAG intervention. Results: The results of STAI between the pre-test and post-test showed that high significant mean different at p < 0.01. The anxiety level of study groups post-test had reduced significantly (control, p =.001; Music, p = .000). Post-test mean score of music group was lower than control group at p ≤ 0.0. Conclusion: Listening to music during CAG and/or PCI, significantly reduced anxiety level post-test.
Study the potential association between Toxoplasma gondii , HBV and HCV in tuberculous patients
Two obligatory intracellular infectious microorganisms include Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The microbe T. gondii is the source of the parasitic disease Toxoplasmosis, whereas hepatitis B and C viruses are a viral infection known for its ability to damage the liver. The hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are the foundation of the severe type of hepatitis disease .The current study's objectives are to investigate the toxoplasma and hepatitis B and C virus (hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses) infection in addition to identify any possible correlation between the two in TB patients compared to those who apparently healthy. Methodology: This is a case-control study. It was conducted between July 2022 and February 2023 at the Chest and Respiratory Disease Specialized Center in Baghdad under fully aseptic circumstances. Samples were taken from a hundred tuberculosis patients and a control group. The recognition depends on Anti-Toxoplasma IgG and Anti -hepatitis B virus (HCV and HBV) in their serums via using Toxoplasma IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit ELISA technique. The current study's findings conclude that the occurrence of antitoxoplasma IgG among tuberculosis patients and control group was (58%) and(16%), respectively. P=0.0006 indicates a statistically significant difference in the measurement of Toxoplasma infection in the middle of tuberculosis patients and control group. The research showed that, in contrast control group 1 (2%), 7 (14%) and 5 (10%) of TB patients tested positive for HBV and HCV, respectively. When comparing TB patients and the control group, it was demonstrated that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between T. gondii/HBV and T. gondii/HCV of 28.5% and 60%, respectively
Prevalence of Viral hepatitis by testing pre-marriage men in Samara city during 2023.
One of the most important concerns in the field of transfusion medicine is blood product safety. A prior study conducted in the Central Laboratory in Samara, Iraq, revealed that the hepatitis virus was widespread . The study aimed to determine the frequency of anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies in serum samples of healthy blood donors that tested negative for both HBsAg and anti-HCV. Methods; 440 hundred men was tested before premarriage for viral hepatitis. Blood samples were taken from all volunteers and there were healthy men that tested for both HBsAg and anti-HCV. Results; 32 (7.3%) of the 440 blood samples that tested negative for HBsAg also tested positive for anti-HBc. Anti-HBs was detected in 3 (1.47%) of the 13 anti-HBc positive individuals. Conclusion: It was found that the frequency of hepatitis C was remarkably low as compare with HBsAg.
Estimation of the radical scavenging activity 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, total phenols and total flavonoids of Vitex agnuscastus L. methanolic leaf extract in Baghdad
Chaste tree, is a plant distributed in few regions like the Middle East and Southern Europe. Conventionally used for the treatment of several health issues and symptoms, such as hormonal changes premenstrual ones and spasmodic dysmenorrhea, certain menopausal conditions, poor lactation, and pimples (acne). Several reports have told that Vitex agnus-castus contained phytochemical that really interesting to be studied like phenols and flavonoids, and others. The work aims to estimate the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay activity of methanol extracts from leaves of Vitex agnus-castus in Iraq, and see if it contains appreciate level of bioactive ingredient of phenols and flavonoids. Dried samples were submitted to extraction with methanol using soxhlet and total flavonoids, and phenols were tested in the sample. DPPH free radical levels were significantly lowered in a concentration-dependent mode, there was no statistically significant difference (p >0.05) between our extract and ascorbic acid in percent of inhibition of free radical. The IC50 found to be 725.4 μg/ ml as compared with the standard ascorbic acid (246.53 μg/ml), and the phenols level was 43.43 ± 1.12 (mg GAE/g extract) mg of Gallic Acid Equivalents (GAE) per g of extract, while the flavonoid was 14.7 ± 0.25 (mg QE/g) mg quercetin equivalence per gram dried extract. Therefore, Iraqi Vitex agnus-castus L. can be considered as encouraging candidates for natural herb sources of antioxidants with high value.
A Review on Physical and Chemical Properties of Silver Nanoparticles
Due to their excellent properties, silver nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered a lot of interest lately as highly desirable nanomaterials in research. They have a reputation for their strong antibacterial qualities, which can help fight off a variety of ailments. Their unique optical properties, like their limited SPR, make them more useful, especially in the imaging and biosensing domains. Furthermore, enhanced durability and targeted interactions with biological systems are provided by the capacity to modify them utilizing biocompatible chemicals and change their surface charge. Silver nanoparticles are perfect for several kinds of biological applications because of their remarkable durability and low chemical reactivity. Chemical, biological, and physical processes—all of which have unique benefits and drawbacks—produce these NPs. Complex purification, reactive components, and high energy consumption are common problems in chemical and physical processes. Although biological methods take longer to process, they are more environmentally friendly. The chosen synthesis method has a major influence on the stability, size distribution, and purity of the NPs. This review highlights how crucial it is to select the right synthesis technique in order to maximize the properties and applications of silver nanoparticles.
A Review of the Genetic Features of Staphylococcus aureus Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing
The possibility of studying bacterial pathogens' dynamics and genomic evolution during human colonization and infection has been made possible by whole-genome sequencing. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is a common human pathogen. It can cause mild erythema or serious life-threatening ailments. A challenge in treating and controlling Staphylococcus. aureus stems from its prevalence and increasing resistance to clinically used antibiotics. The full Staphylococcus. aureus genomes published in 2001 and provided the first view of genome structure and gene content. This research focuses on infections, virulence factors, genetic diversity, resistant genes, Single nucleotide polymorphism, novel identification, and comparative studies of Staphylococcus. aureus. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the genetic features of Staphylococcus aureus based on Whole-Genome Sequencing, a bacterium that is frequently found in clinical microbiology labs
A Review of Parkinson’s Disease: From Epidemiology to Treatment
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a fast-growing neurodegenerative disorder. It affects people at the ages of 55 to 65 years. PD causes substantial disability and so the patients would have a poor quality of life. There are many factors that could induce this disease such as genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. While this disease is incurable, many scientific researchers are trying to find a cure in addition to managing the motor and non-motor symptoms. Levodopa is the key treatment for PD; though, its motor complications and induction of dyskinesia limited its long-term use. In patients with advanced stage PD, it is favorable to initiate combination therapy with dopamine agonists, catechol O methyltransferase inhibitors (COMT), or monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors (MAOs). Surgical procedures are the last option to treat patients with a late stage of the disease. In addition, managing a healthy lifestyle, balanced food and physical excesses are very crucial to improve patients’ life. This review discusses epidemiology of PD, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment that can deliver ideas about patient-specific care, so diminish drugs side effects and open new paths to develop updated strategies to control the progress of this disease
Effectiveness of Disinfection with 70% Isopropyl Alcohol to Reduce Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones Carried by Medical Personnel in Baghdad Teaching Hospital
Mobile phones, despite their importance in daily life, can disseminate pathogens due to their frequent contact with hands. The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination on the mobile phones of healthcare personnel at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital, to identify the contaminating microorganisms, and to determine the preventive efficacy of 70% isopropyl alcohol. Sixty mobile phones from 40 physicians and 20 nurses were analyzed for microbial contamination. After collecting samples from each phone, they were disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol wipes and samples were recollected. Twenty four hours of aerobic and anaerobic incubation of agar plates at 37 °C. The results indicated that 34 (56.7%) out of 60 samples were contaminated with bacteria. Approximately 57.5% of the mobile phones used by physicians and 45% of those used by nurses contained microorganisms. Before disinfection, the most common bacteria found in mobile phones were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic (3.33%) and non-hemolytic (3.33%) Streptococci. While, E. coli and fungi contaminates were also found on mobile phone surfaces in equal percentage (6.67%). Following disinfection with 70% isopropyl alcohol, the number of bacteria was reduced to nil in 83.3% of the colonized mobile phones. This investigation demonstrated that commercially available, affordable and device safe wipes containing 70% isopropyl alcohol can significantly reduce mobile phone contamination. As a result, it is crucial for medical professionals to sterilize their mobile phones on a regular basis, as this can limit the dissemination of pathogens to patients and reduce the incidence of hospital acquired infections.
Measurement of interleukin-6 levels and some of the hematological factors in individuals that suffering from Crohn's disease in Iraq
The Crohn’s disease (CD), which is state of recurrent systemic infections with gut symptoms that are related to immunological issues, this disease typically affects the digestive system. The CD is a type of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients with CD have a genetic background and are affected by environmental variables and the gut microbiome. A blood sample of 30 patients from Iraq with CD and thirty samples of healthy people as control were taken in this study during the period from Jul 2022 to Dec 2022. Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq is the place that the blood samples were taken from. Hematological test was performed on all samples and also measurement of IL-6 levels in serum. The results of this study show significant differences in hematological factors between patients and control also in levels of IL-6. The conclusion of this study is that interlukine-6 plays part in the progression of CD by neutrophils are drawn to the site of inflammation, and furthermore neutrophils cause more damage to the same site.
Assessment of Ferritin Level and Some Biochemical Variables in Iraqi Anemic Diabetic Mellitus in Both Gender
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels caused by diminished tissue sensitivity to insulin, insufficient insulin production, or a combination of both factors. This is a non-communicable disease that is also highly prevalent globally. The aim of the study is to evaluate ferritin level and other biochemical variables in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and study the effect of biochemical variables between male and female (T2DM) . Method involves enrollment of 120 participant divided into two main groups (T2DM and control group) and every group has been subdivided based on gender to (30 male and 30 female) for each group. All the groups studied for determination of anthropometric and biochemical parameters to evaluate the relationship between the studied parameters and T2DM patients. Results: the result showed that (Age, body mass index (BMI), Fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglycerides (TC), Urea, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and Ferritin) were significantly difference in T2DM patients (male and female) as compared with control. While ( TG and Creatinine) were non-significantly differ in T2DM patients as compared with control. Furthermore, there was non-significant difference in the studied parameters between T2DM males and females. Conclusion: from the obtained result it could be concluded that patients with T2DM have a problem associated with ferritin level that effected by T2DM and decreased because of the impaired renal dysfunction and red blood cells decrease and that causes a decrease in the level of ferritin. Age and BMI levels have a direct effect and correlated with elevation of lipid continents and high level of FBS and blood pressure. Renal function is highly elevated because of the T2DM complication, and it is conceder as a risk factor for T2DM.
Effect of Some natural products against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma in mice: A Review
Cancer is a serious disease and it is one of the main causes of death, and it is considered the second cause, after people who suffer from heart failure. Through the statistics, Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, with a rate of 99% in women and 1% in men. It is very complex, and patients with this type of cancer may face numerous challenges during their treatment period. It was determined that the death rate from cancer had decreased by 1.5%, but it is expected to increase in the future due to an increase in cancer cases (breast, prostate). Ehrlich model is a cancer that grows inside a mouse. Its origin is spontaneous mammary carcinoma, and when it spreads within the mouse, it takes two forms, either ascitic or solid. Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma is a spontaneous breast cancer that has a very high importance in scientific research. It is undifferentiated and has a short life. This type of cancer was used for the first time in 1932, when it was used inside the mouse in the abdomen, and a type of fluid was obtained for this called ( Ehrlich's ascites) due to the liquid substance on which cancer cells depend and consider it food and a means for rapid tumor growth, EAC deficiency causes anemia and thus causes a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, EAC causes an increase in urea and a decrease in creatinine, and EAC causes an increase in liver enzymes and a decrease in total protein.Natural products are the only and most effective products that lead to the development of drugs, especially anti-cancer drugs and anti-inflammatories. Through studies, it has become clear that natural products are a source of drugs.
Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Brucella spp. Isolated from Aborted Animal Fetuses
Antibiotic resistance is a global threat to human and animal health especially when it related with a zoonotic disease like brucellosis which treated with the same bunch of antibiotic for long decades. This issue raised a question of whether Brucella spp. have gain resistance to the commonly used antibiotics. To study Brucella spp. antibiotic susceptibility, samples from (20) aborted fetuses (12 sheep and 8 buffalo) were used. It submitted to PCR and culture methods for detection and microbial isolation and (7) kinds of antibiotic for the susceptibility test. Fifteen Brucella culture was isolated (9) from sheep fetuses and (6) from buffalo. The biotyping of the isolates revealed that they were Br. melitensis and Br. abortus respectively. The overall agreement between PCR and culture reached (95%) with the superiority of PCR over microbiological culture. Susceptibility tests indicate that (tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin) still efficient while rifampicin and cephalexin show moderate results at last comes neomycin and erythromycin which were not efficient. In conclusion, Brucella spp. did not gain resistance trait to the main antibiotic used in it treatment.
Gadolinium oxide Nanoparticles Infusion in Heat-Cured Acrylic Denture Base Material: Impact on Glass Transition Temperature and Mechanical Strength Enhancement
Introduction: Nano dentistry has paved the way for advanced therapeutic opportunities in various dental disciplines, particularly in the improvement of oral health. One area of focus is the enhancement of mechanical properties of dental materials, such as acrylic resins commonly used in denture base materials. Various strategies, including chemical corrections and the addition of particles, have been explored to augment the mechanical qualities. This study investigates the impact of incorporating Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles into heat-cured acrylic denture materials. Materials and Methods: The denture base was processed using a standardized approach, with the addition of Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles during the monomer phase. A total of 120 specimens were fabricated. 30 specimens for each test using 10 specimens for each nanoparticle concentration (Control 0%, 1%, and 1,5% nanoparticles). The nanoparticles were dispersed using sonication to ensure uniform distribution. The study assessed properties such as glass transition temperature using a differential scanning calorimeter, impact strength and transverse strength utilizing an Instron universal testing machine, and surface roughness via profilometer measurements. Scanning electron microscope also utilized. One way ANOVA was used to determine the mean differences. Results: The study revealed significant improvements in glass transition temperature, impact strength, and transverse strength. The peak values were often seen in the 1.5% wt. group. Surface roughness, however, showed non-significant changes with nanoparticle additions, possibly due to the minimal involvement of nanoparticles on the outer surface. Conclusion: Incorporating Gadolinium oxide nanoparticles into heat-cured acrylic denture base materials demonstrated notable enhancements in key mechanical properties. The findings suggest that nanoparticle additions contribute to increased strength and rigidity, as evidenced by improvements in impact and transverse strength. However, surface roughness remained largely unaffected. This study contributes valuable insights into the potential benefits of nanotechnology in optimizing dental materials for improved clinical performance and patient outcomes.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of voluntary blood donation among family donors in the National Blood Transfusion Center
Background: blood donation by human still the only source of blood and blood components. Generally, donors classified into voluntary blood donor, family (or replacement) blood donor and paid blood donors. The safest donors found among people who donate their blood is the voluntarily blood donation. The study of attitude, beliefs, and level of knowledge associated with blood donation may enhance the recruitment of donors to blood donation. Aim of the study: assessment of knowledge, attitude and, practice of voluntary blood donation among family donors in the National Center for Blood Transfusion (NCBT) to identify and recruit potential voluntary blood donors. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at the National center for Blood Transfusion-Baghdad in the period between October 2022 and February 2023. A questionnaire form was prepared for the assessment. A Total of 100 family (replacement) blood donor were included in the study. Results: The median of age was 33 (mean 34 +SD 8.9) years with range of 20-53 years age. All donors were males. The largest group of the responders (41%) is of secondary level of education. Seventy (70%) donors know their blood group. Sixty-six (66%) donors know the most common blood group in the world. Fifty-nine (59%) donors do not know the volume of blood that collected during each donation; and only 30 (30%) donors know the volume of the donated blood. Sixty-four (64%) donors know the correct duration of donation process. Forty-seven (47%) donors think that the individual can donate blood 2 times in the year; 17 (17%) stated 3 and 21(21%) stated more than 3 donations. Forty five (45%) donors stated that viral diseases can transmitted by blood transfusion, 11(11%) donors believe that cancer transmitted by transfusion , 15(15%) donors stated that chronic disorder can be transmitted by transfusion, while 29(29%) don’t know the diseases that can be transmitted by blood transfusion. Attitude towards Blood Donation; 84(84%) donors stated that donation has no harmful effect on the donor, and 75(75%) donors think that blood donation is beneficial for heath. Fifty-six (56%) donors practice voluntarily donation previously while 44(44%) donors practice replacement donation only. Conclusions there is good attitude toward blood donation and good practice of voluntary non-remunerated donation among family blood donors , in contrary there is a defect in the information and knowledge regarding the volume of donated blood , frequency of donations and the disorders that can transmitted by blood transfusion.
Study of histopathological changes and the levels of TNF-α in Preterm Preeclamptic women
Preeclampsia (PE) is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality that manifests as new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with signs of uteroplacental or maternal organ dysfunction or proteinuria. This condition is linked to intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, placental abruption, fetal distress, and fetal death in utero. The findings of the recent study can be summed up as follows: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of placenta tissues revealed a significant area of calcification in the villous stroma. Additionally, increased collagen fibers around blood vessels and varying degrees of mononuclear cell infiltration are caused by capillary and vein congestion. The Masson's Trichrome stain revealed deposited fibrin between decidual cells and extra-villous cytotrophoblasts, which were surrounded by mature intermediate and terminal villi. Congestion of veins with increased fibrin deposits around veins and arterial vessels with increased fibrocytes When the data was statistically analyzed, it was discovered that PE pregnant women had significantly p<0.05 higher levels of serum TNF- α , than normotensive women ( NT ). Finally, the study found a link between preterm PE and women's pregnancy, as well as histopathologic and immunological parameters in preterm PE and NT women.
Cytotoxic Effect of flavonoids extracted from Conocarpus erectus leaves on SKG cell
The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxic activity flavonoids extracted from Conocarpus erectus L. leaves using ethyl acetate and chloroform, the results of the extracted flavonoids were detected by HPLC. The evaluation of its cytotoxic effect on cancerous SKG cell line Human Esophageal Cancer and non-cancerous REF (rat embryonic fibroblast) using MTT assay. HPLC analysis of both extracts showed 6 out of 10 flavonoids matched the standard peaks which were (Catechin, Rutin, Myrecetin, Quercetin, Apigenine and Kaempferol). The cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate extract was greater than that of the chloroform extract against the SKG cell line, and the cytotoxic effect of both extracts increased with increasing concentration. At 200 μl/ml the cytotoxicity of the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts were 71% and 64.6%, respectively, while the cytotoxicity of the extracts on REF cells was 10.5% and 11.2%. This implies that C.erectus extract has little negative effects on normal cells and is thus a safe and promising anticancer drug candidate.
In Silico Molecular Docking Study for Prediction of Binding Affinities to Penicillin Binding Proteins and β-Lactamases of Amino Acids-Cephalexin conjugates
Cephalexin is a first generation cephalosporin with high antibacterial activity against a number of microbes. Cephalexin is highly sensitive and could be hydrolyzed by almost all of β-lactamases. An in silico prediction and evaluation study is performed to find a possibility of bringing new life to cephalexin, and other cephalosporins that are susceptible to hydrolysis by lactamases. This approach includes an introduction of an amino acid moiety into cephalexin through an amide bond with its primary amine group. This amino acid moiety is expected to provide steric hindrance and protecting the β-lactam ring from being hydrolyzed. In silico study included measurement of binding affinity to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) and D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases and to β-lactamases. Drug likeness and Molinspiration calculations were recorded to find a reliable correlation with better activity and stability against β-lactamases. The newly suggested conjugates that recorded the best score of binding affinity on PBPs are L-Phe-Cephalexin, L-Arg-Cephalexin, L-Tyr-Cephalexin and L-Thr-Cephalexin. Two of these conjugates, namely, L-Arg-Cephalexin and L-Tyr-Cephalexin recorded high binding affinity scores on D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases. Moreover, the predicted stability of L-Arg-Cephalexin and L-Tyr-Cephalexin conjugates against β-lactamases was recorded. Drug-Likeness parameters have shown that L-Cys-Cephalexin, L-Lys-Cephalexin and L-Arg-Cephalexin conjugates were the best compounds recording the highest binding affinity. In conclusion, the amino acid-linked cephalexin conjugates were found to possess high binding affinity to PBPs, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidases and β-lactamases, which may encourage the synthesis and intensive evaluation.
Winter breeding of the House Mouse Mus musculus (Muridae Rodentia) in Baghdad area
House mice were live-trapped in the orchards within the site of AL- Farabi University collage from Late of December 2017 till The end of March 2018. It was found that there was active normal reproduction during the winter months December, January, February and March. The pregnancy rates during these months ranging between 41 and 81 % with Litter size ranging between 4 and 8 pups. The numbers of embryos ( M.± S.E. ) for the months of the study were 6± 0.38, 5 ± 0.33, 4.81 ± 0.39 and 4.88 ± 0.33 respectively.
Susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. to the crude extract of Thuja orientalis
The present study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activity of Thuja orientalis extract against fourteen isolates of Klebsiella from urinary tract infection patients. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done against eight antibiotics to determine the bacterial resistance. The highest bacterial resistance was against Cefixime and Trimethoprim (100%), while the lowest resistance was against Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Imepenem (28.57%). Finally the effect of Thuja oriantalis plant extract was tested and results showed that, this plant extract has marked inhibitory effect against all Klebsiella isolates.
Antiproliferative effect of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum cell-free supernatants on colonic cancer cell line
Cell-free supernatants of two probiotics namely Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum were assessed for their antiproliferative and antitumor activity on human colon cancer CaCo2 and normal NCM425 cell lines. MTT 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay was used to detect cytotoxic activity and cell viability. Our results indicated that both supernatants exhibited cytotoxic activities and their impact was in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that the supernatants were less toxic to normal cells. Lactobacillus casei cell-free supernatant (LcCFS) was more cytotoxic on cancer cells than Lactobacillus fermentum cell-free supernatant (LfCFS) at higher concentrations. However, no significant differences were observed between the impact of LcCFS and LfCFS on the NCM425 cell line. In conclusion, cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus fermentum could be good candidates for cancer treatment and control.
Effect of combination of Bromelain and Quercetin extracted from pineapples and fenugreek in mice induced arthritis
This study revealed that bromelain from pineapple and quercetin from fenugreek mixture were active in reducing the effect of arthritis the body diameter measurements within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 5.8 for CRP (mm/hr) ESR (mg/Dl) and reduced it to nearly the normal value 4.3 for CRP and 1.9 for ESR at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and within day 4 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 2.8 mm of paw volume and reduced it to nearly the normal value 2.9 for 300 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and 2.6 for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg , While within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the maximum at 83 ng/dl for IgG2 and 70 ng/dl for IgG1 and 40 IgG reduced it to nearly the normal value 68 ng/dl of IgG2 for 350 mg/kg of (bro, quer) and 57ng/dl of IgG1 and 39 ng/dl of IgG for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration 350 mg/kg .Also within day 0 until the day 10 of peak of induction of arthritis reached the lowest body weight at 18 mg of paw volume and increasing it to nearly the normal weight 19mg for 300 mg/kg of (bro,quer) and 21 mg for 350 mg/kg (bro, quer) at day 30 with concentration.